Kings of Israel - Sovereign Rulers in Biblical History

Ancient kings held supreme authority over their kingdoms, shaping the spiritual and political destiny of their people through their leadership and decisions.

The Origin of Kingship

From about the time of Abraham the different races (and even many of the walled cities) had their own kings, who were often revered as gods (Gen 14:1-2, 20:2; Josh 12:7-24). God, initially gave His specific directions to the emerging Jewish nation through the prophets and godly authority figures such as Moses and Joshua then through other deliverers (termed Judges of Israel).

This was a divine government or theocracy, with the people obeying and following Him rather than looking to human leaders. There followed a period of decline when "everyone did what seemed right in their own eyes" and there was a rollercoaster ride of sin, judgment, repentance and turning to God, with deliverance orchestrated through this succession of judges over a period of 325 years (Jdg 17:6).

The Establishment of Israel's Monarchy

However, God knew the Israelites would progressively desire to be like the other nations around them and have a king so He gave guidelines for the choosing of such a person and their ideal lifestyle (Gen 17:6; Deut 17:14-20; 1 Sam 8:5-22). The people's request for a king represented a significant shift from divine leadership to human rulership.

Saul became the first king of Israel in 1050 BC, with David following him 40 years later. Various kings, some good but the majority evil, reigned over the people until the Northern kingdom was conquered in 722 BC by the Assyrians and the Southern Kingdom in 586 BC by Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon.

Is Jesus King of my life?

The king was looked on as a role model, setting the standard and the people generally followed, into either righteousness or reverting to sinful practices. Role models wield extraordinary influence because they provide a tangible example for others to imitate – whether for good or ill. When leaders embody godly virtues such as integrity, humility, and justice, they inspire others to pursue similar paths. Conversely, when those in authority embrace corruption or idolatry, their behaviour is normalised and replicated throughout society. This is particularly evident in parenting, where children naturally adopt the values and behaviours they observe in their parents. The influence of those in positions of prominence and authority is enormous with the Bible stating it is an abomination for a king to do evil (1 Kgs 13:33; 2 Kgs 21:9; Prov 16:12; Isa 9:16; Act 20:28).

David was described as being a man after God's own heart, with Ahab the most evil (1 Sam 13:14; 1 Kgs 16:30; Act 13:22). The contrast between these two kings demonstrates how leadership profoundly impacted the spiritual direction of the entire nation.

Jesus: The Ultimate King

The Jews expected the coming Messiah (Jesus) to be a military or political leader to free them of the occupying Roman control (Act 1:6). The wise men came looking for the newborn "king of the Jews" (Mt 2:2). At His trial Jesus was asked, "Are you the king of the Jews?" Jesus replied His Kingdom was not of this world (Jn 18:33-37).

Am I a loyal subject of my master and King?

However, with foresight, a sign nailed to the cross, proclaimed this statement "This is Jesus, the King of the Jews" (Mt 27:37). In time to come Jesus will be exalted as "King of kings, and Lord of lords" – supreme over all, and before whom all people will bow the knee and acknowledge Him (Isa 45:23; Rom 14:11; Rev 17:14, 19:16).

An earthly king has no superior but God, by hidden influences and providential arrangements, turns or guides, for even "The king's heart is in the hand of God" (Prov 21:1). This truth reminds us that all human authority operates under God's sovereign control.

Obeying God Rather Than Man

When instructed by the Sanhedrin to cease teaching in the name of Jesus, Peter and the other apostles responded with conviction: "We must obey God rather than men" (Acts 5:29). This principle outlines a clear hierarchy of allegiance for believers. While earthly authorities, including rulers, derive their authority from God and are to be respected, such respect is not required when their directives conflict with explicit divine instruction. In either circumstance, individuals must be prepared to accept the consequences.

Nevertheless, this is not a license for rebellion, as Christians are also instructed to submit to governing authorities instituted by God (Romans 13:1-7; 1 Peter 2:13-17). The essential distinction lies in the understanding that believers' primary citizenship is with God's kingdom, and their highest loyalty is owed to God.

This principle was demonstrated throughout Scripture. Daniel and his friends refused to bow to Nebuchadnezzar's golden image, choosing the fiery furnace over idolatry (Dan 3). Daniel continued praying to God despite the king's decree, facing the lion's den as a consequence (Dan 6). The Hebrew midwives disobeyed Pharaoh's command to kill Hebrew baby boys, fearing God more than the king (Exod 1:15-21). In each case, God honoured those who placed their ultimate loyalty with Him.

Reflection and Application:

Consider who or what holds the position of "king" in your daily decisions and priorities.
Reflect on how earthly leaders influence your spiritual journey and relationship with God.
Examine whether your life demonstrates allegiance to Jesus as your true King.
Pray for those in positions of authority, recognizing God's sovereignty over all leadership.