Heathen: the Biblical Definition and Contemporary Application
The term heathen historically referred to those outside the covenant community of Israel, specifically Gentiles or non-Jewish peoples
who were regarded as unbelievers. In contemporary usage, it describes pagans or those who reject religious faith, often carrying moral
connotations of impurity, falsehood, and idolatry.
Biblical Definition and Context
In Scripture, heathen denotes any person or nation that was not Jewish and therefore uncircumcised, representing those outside God's chosen
people (Mt 18:17; 1 Cor 10:20). The heathen are portrayed as enemies of God and His people, leading to biblical injunctions against forming
intimate relationships through marriage or business partnerships that might compromise faithfulness.
The reason for separation was to maintain purity
God's people were called to separation from unclean practices: "They separated themselves from the unclean practices…that they may seek the
Lord" (Ezra 6:21; 2 Cor 6:14-17). This separation was not meant to foster aloofness or superiority, but rather to preserve spiritual purity
while still engaging with the broader world for redemptive purposes.
The biblical debate over separation and engagement shows a complex view of relating to non-believers. While avoiding practices that would compromise loyalty to God, believers are called to be salt and light, influencing the world around them for Christ (Mt 5:13-16; 1 Cor 5:9-10; Gal 1:16, 3:8).
Christ's Example of Engagement
Jesus modeled this balanced approach through His ministry, being called "a friend of sinners" while maintaining perfect holiness (Mt 11:19). He intentionally mixed with those outside the Kingdom, including tax collectors, prostitutes, and Samaritans, presenting them with a better way of living while never participating in their sinful practices.
Christ's example demonstrates that meaningful connection with unbelievers need not involve compromise. He related to people with genuine
love and compassion, addressing their needs and inviting them into the Kingdom, yet remained distinct in His character and commitment to
righteousness. This pattern of engagement without conformity provides the model for Christian witness across all cultures and contexts.
Make connections to bring them to God
God's Sovereignty and Judgment
God's sovereignty extends over all nations, including heathen peoples whom He may use to accomplish His purposes and even discipline His own people, though He does not approve of their ways. As Scripture states, "They [do] what His power and will had decided beforehand should happen" (Prov 21:1; Isa 10:5-12; Jn 19:10-11; Act 4:28).
Despite God's patient desire that none should perish but all come to repentance, unrepentant heathen will ultimately face banishment from
heaven. Meanwhile, believers from every people group will be redeemed through faith, having honoured God and endeavoured to do right while
on earth (Act 10:35; Rom 15:16; 1 Cor 1:21; 2 Pet 3:9; Rev 7:9-10).
Every culture contains customs ranging from harmless social traditions to practices incompatible with Christianity. Intimate friendship with the ungodly and learning their evil practices creates divided loyalties and the danger of being subtly led astray, effectively making one an enemy of God (Deut 12:13-14; 2 Kgs 17:15; Jer 10:2; Jas 4:4). Discernment is therefore essential in navigating cultural engagement while maintaining faithfulness.
Reflection and Application:
- Examine your relationships with unbelievers – are you influencing them for Christ or being influenced by their values?
- Identify cultural practices in your context that conflict with biblical teaching and how to navigate them wisely.
- Consider how Jesus' example of engaging sinners without compromising can inform your witness.
- Pray for opportunities to build bridges with those outside the faith while maintaining spiritual integrity.
See also: Gentile, gods (idols), idol/idolatry, pagan, salvation, separate.