Figure of Speech - Biblical Imagery and Metaphors
Jesus often spoke figuratively, using illustration material from everyday use that His listeners could relate to (Jn 16:25-30). The parables were a form of 'figure of speech' in which spiritual truth was conveyed in an easily remembered illustration.
Understanding Figurative Language
Figures of speech are expressions that convey meaning in a non-literal way, using imaginative language to paint vivid mental pictures and communicate deeper truths. Throughout the Bible, God inspired writers to use these powerful literary devices to make spiritual concepts more relatable and memorable for their original audiences and for readers throughout history.
By drawing from everyday life—agriculture, nature, family relationships, construction, and common occupations—biblical authors created word pictures that transcend cultural and temporal boundaries. These metaphors, similes, and other figurative expressions help bridge the gap between human understanding and divine revelation, allowing complex theological truths to be grasped through familiar imagery.
Word Pictures for Emphasis
Paul spoke of the seriousness of wrong decisions when he said, "Some have shipwrecked their faith" and James spoke of the tongue as both a ship's rudder and a forest fire (1 Tim 1:19; Jas 3:3-6). These vivid word pictures provided emphasis and clarity through a divergence from normal literal meaning.
Here is a selection of the many word pictures found in the Bible, where, to provide emphasis or clarity, there is a divergence from the normal literal meaning:
"A land flowing with milk and honey" (Ex 3:8,17). This described the beauty and productivity of the Promised Land.
"He heals the broken-hearted" (Ps 147:3). He brings healing to those experiencing grief.
"Furnace of affliction" (Isa 48:10). Indicating a place of intense refining and testing.
"I will remove from you your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh" (Ezek 36:26). Stone is hard and unresponsive while flesh is capable of being changed and transformed by love.
Jesus referred to His body as a temple (Jn 2:19-21). Paul uses this concept referring to "our bodies as temples [place of residence] of the Holy Spirit" (1 Cor 6:19).
Biblical Illustrations
The use of figurative language serves multiple purposes in Scripture. It makes complex spiritual truths more accessible, creates memorable images that aid retention, and often reveals deeper layers of meaning that literal statements might miss.
Throughout both Old and New Testaments, we find consistent patterns of figurative expression that help convey God's message in ways that resonate with human experience and understanding.
"The Lord is my shepherd" (Ps 23:1). Conveying God's guidance, protection, and care for His people.
"You are the salt of the earth" (Mt 5:13). Indicating believers' preserving influence in the world.
"I am the vine; you are the branches" (Jn 15:5). Illustrating the vital connection between Christ and His followers.
"The shield of faith" (Eph 6:16). Representing spiritual protection through trust in God.
"Living water" (Jn 4:10). Symbolizing the life-giving and sustaining nature of Christ's teaching.
Reflection and Application:
- Consider how figurative language in Scripture helps you understand spiritual truths more deeply.
- Reflect on the word pictures that resonate most with your personal experience and faith journey.
- Apply these biblical illustrations to your own life and circumstances for greater insight.
- Share these meaningful word pictures with others to help them grasp spiritual concepts.